Autonomous vehicles: Technology overview, industry and implications analysis

The evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs) marks a transformative milestone in modern transportation, reshaping urban mobility, public transit, logistics, and personal travel. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the AV ecosystem, encompassing hardware, software, and communication technologies that enable autonomous navigation and decision-making. It examines key industry players, including OEMs, technology companies, and startups, highlighting their contributions and strategic approach. Furthermore, the study delves into the broader societal and economic impacts of AV adoption, including changes in fleet sizes, trip costs, public behavior, infrastructure, and equity. By addressing technological innovations, potential applications, and the challenges associated with AV implementation, this paper seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the opportunities and implications of autonomous vehicles in shaping the future of mobility.